新疆岩蜥和塔里木岩蜥全体、肌肉与皮肤中18种元素分析比较

采用原子吸收分光光度计测定了新疆岩蜥(Laudakia stoliczkana Blanford)和塔里木岩蜥(Laudakia tarimensis Zugmayer)全体、肌肉与皮肤中的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Sr、Cu、Mo、Cr、Ba、Co、V、Pb、Cd、Ni及Be18种元素的含量。结果表明,这两种岩蜥的常量元素和微量元素含量都比较丰富,其中K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Zn、Sr、Mn、Cr、Br、Cu、Co、Mo含量比较高,而有毒元素Al、Pb、Ni和Cd的含量甚低。在这两种岩蜥全体、肌肉与皮肤三种样品中全体样品元素含量最高,但各元素含量的差异不明显。对两种岩蜥体内人体必需而具有抗癌作用的Fe、Zn、Sr、Mn等微量元素含量进行比较发现,新疆岩蜥分别为168.36、94.14、78.12、44.28μg/g,塔里木岩蜥分别为338.22、183.16、88.44、32.46μg/g。塔里木岩蜥中的Fe、Zn、Sr含量高于新疆岩蜥,而新疆岩蜥的Mn含量高于塔里木岩蜥。新疆岩蜥和塔里木岩蜥作为中药及维吾尔医药具有较高的药用价值及应用前景,并讨论了这些元素与其药用机理的关系,为这两种药用岩蜥的进一步研究及其开发利用提供科学依据。     

运用空间句法衡量小型城市公园的安全性——以埃及开罗市罗德-法拉格公园为例

Decoding the relationship between crime and place has been the focus of researchers in both design and social fields for a few decades. Space syntax theory offers the possibility of examining the configuration characteristics of the environment and their potential influences on people’s activities and crime patterns; however, its implementation in landscape architecture has been limited. This study responds to such a gap by exploring the effectiveness of applying space syntax theory to predict safety levels in a park in Cairo, Egypt. depthmapX was used to analyze the spatial configuration of the park. Crime records from 2019 were collected through site observation and staff interviews, and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.3 software. Results indicated a strong correlation between space depth / integration / connectivity and crime pattern distribution. The park visibility graphs indicated the different impacts of vegetation (evergreen tree / deciduous trees) in summer and winter on visual connectivity and crime types. The research concluded that applying space syntax theory to landscape architecture is challenging; nevertheless, it represents a promising approach to predict committing crimes in urban parks, and the findings can be adopted to enhance park conceptual designs to achieve higher safety level.     

Actual Congestion and Effect of Charger Addition in the Quick Charger Station: Case Study Based on the Records of Expressway

There were 18 electric vehicles, in average, per quick charger (QC), in Japan as of 2012, and this value may increase by a factor of several dozen by 2020. It is, therefore, necessary to model and analyze QC service, identify the causes of wait time, and provide countermeasures to avoid significant QC congestion and to encourage the spread of QC stations. This research analyzed usage data of a QC installed at an existing service area on expressway, and showed the characteristics of QC demand as distribution functions. QC service was modeled as a queuing problem, and simulations were carried out using derived distribution functions. The results showed that the QC station needs additional charger in the case of daily charging times over 10 times.     

The Critical Thickness of Insulation

The theory of critical thickness of insulation for cylindrical and spherical geometries is discussed in a comprehensive and methodical manner. The article begins with the introduction of the classical analysis, which assumes surface convection with a constant heat transfer coefficient, h. Next, various modifications of the basic theory are discussed in detail. These modification allow for:

The variation of h with outside radius, r_o (constant-property forced convection)

The variation of h with r_o, with temperature-dependent fluid properties (variable-property forced convection)

Circumferential variation of h with forced convection The variation of with outside radius and the temperature difference between the outside surface and the surroundings (natural convection) Surface radiation

Combined radiation and natural convection Combined radiation, natural convection, and surface heat release due to change of phase of the surrounding fluid Effects of radiation, inclination, and insulation opacity

The last three sections of the article consider the optimum configurations for a circular pipe covered with insulations of equilateral polygonal, rectangular, and eccentric circular shapes. For polygonal and rectangular geometries, the two-dimensional conduction analysis reveals that the conduction for the critical configuration is the same whether the outside surface boundary condition is that of convection or constant temperature. This permits the use of conduction shape factors to determine the optimum configuration for polygonal and rectangular insulations. The analysis leads to the concept of critical perimeter, which is more general than the concept of critical radius. The optimum sizing of eccentric circular insulation, however, requires a complete two-dimensional analysis. A total of 12 examples have been included to illustrate the various theoretical models described in the article. The detail and the number of examples makes the article pedagogicatly as well as practically appealing.     

Laser-induced etching parameters impact on optical properties of the silicon nanostructures

Porous silicon (PS) was fabricated by laser-induced etching (LIE) process. The objective of this study is to investigate the selected LIE parameters to control size and shape of nanostructures,which are considered important factors in semiconductor device applications. Photoluminescence output intensity becomes stronger due to the increase in the number of emitted photons on the porous surface. There is a dramatic increase in photoluminescence intensity due to the increase of porosity as a function of laser...     

Impact of selected nutraceuticals on viability of probiotic strains in milk during refrigerated storage at 4 °C for 15 days

The objective of this study was to establish suitable combinations of selected probiotics and nutraceuticals. Interactions among 24 probiotic strains were investigated, and the effect of a blend of isoflavones and phytosterols on viability of single and mixed probiotic strains under incubation and refrigeration storage in milk was assessed. Upon incubation, counts of single strains increased by 7–15 times, while mixed strains showed slight insignificant decrease. Both single and mixed probiotic strains retained high counts (>log 8) throughout refrigeration storage. Eight probiotic strains showed nil or very weak interactions. Results revealed the possibility of developing novel multibenefits synbiotic products using combinations of these probiotic strains and nutraceuticals.     

Influence of different exopolysaccharide-producing strains on the physicochemical, sensory and syneresis characteristics of reduced-fat stirred yoghurt

Reduced-fat stirred yoghurts were prepared by using ropy and nonropy exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strains or nonexopolysaccharide-producing strains. Yoghurts were evaluated for pH, titrable acidity, acetaldehyde, whey separation, viscosity, EPS concentration, sensory and microbiological analyses. Determinations of these parameters were made at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage. Reduced-fat yoghurts made with EPS⁺ strains exhibited lower syneresis and acetaldehyde contents, but higher viscosity than those made with the EPS ⁻ strain. Physico-chemical results correlated with the sensory results in that panellists scored the EPS⁺ yoghurts as having an overall better mouthfeel, but a worse flavour than EPS ⁻ yoghurt.     

Physicochemical characterisation of calcium phosphates prepared from milk ultrafiltrates: Effect of the mineral composition

This study deals with the precipitation of calcium phosphate in permeates removed from milks at different pH (6.7, 5.2 and 4.6). An overall high yield of precipitation of calcium and phosphate (70–80%, respectively) was obtained for all precipitates with Ca/P molar ratios close to 1.5. The suspended milk‐derived calcium phosphate (MDCP) precipitates had 8–14 μm size and ?14 to ?28 mV zeta potential. The dried MDCP precipitates were identified as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), stable over 18 months of storage at room temperature.     

TEXTURE EVALUATION OF FRENCH ACID-TYPE FRESH CHEESES

A range of French acid-type fresh cheeses of various commercial brands was tested by a trained sensory panel which detected significant differences in thickness, smoothness and slipperiness. The cheeses exhibited thixotropic behaviour. The perceived thickness of the samples was highly correlated with the shear stress values obtained for a limited range of shear rates (30–80 _S⁻¹). The area of the hysteresis loop formed during the first shearing cycle of the samples over a wide range of shear rates (4.5–450 _S⁻¹) was negatively correlated to slipperiness. The correlation matrix showed that the sensory attributes were independent of the chemical composition of the products. Principal components analysis indicated the way the three sensory attributes were related to each other and to the rheological parameters.